Organization Learning and Development Essay

Hierarchical execution relies on HR, information and aptitudes of representatives. Association learning and improvement decide by and large accomplishment of authoritative execution and market position of an organization or firm. Changes happened in innovation, promoting, and various administration methods, some of which are worried about human issues. A large portion of the progressions are made in a somewhat disconnected or piecemeal way. Following Revans (1980) learning in an association must be more prominent than or equivalent to the pace of progress in the earth. The methodology developing today is to utilize the developing assemblage of thoughts and methodical idea to consider innovatory thoughts on association and to receive an increasingly deliberate comprehenâ ¬sive glance at issues, with the goal that we take a gander at the entire as opposed to seeing separate parts. In present day condition, people have a ton of opportunity, aside from specific laws of society, yet when they join an association their opportunity is confined and their exertion must be gotten together with those of others to accomplish hierarchical objectives through learning and improvement rehearses. Change can't happen if representatives don't have adequate information and aptitudes fundamental for new hierarchical condition. Following Argyris (1977) â€Å"organizational learning as the procedure of discovery and amendment of errors† In his view associations learn through people going about as operators for them† (refered to Malhotra 1996). For this situation, hierarchical learning turns into a change operator for the association. Following Polanyi, Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995) distinguish two kinds of information, â€Å"tacit knowledge† and â€Å"explicit knowledge†, which impact authoritative learning and advancement. Workers need to procure unsaid information and unequivocal information so as to meet individual and business objectives. Some administraâ ¬tive device is required through which administrative authority is worked out. In this way a chain of importance is shaped which issues strategy articulations to guarantee any prudence that people may have in their work is practiced in the soul or disposition of the association. Without implicit and express information, an association can't meet quickly evolving condition. This prerequisite is to some degree, in spite of the fact that not solely, subordinate upon the first. The degree of inclusion of representatives in the learning procedure will be essentially generous. For the advancement of new plans to be effective a serious extent of coordination is required between completely concerned (e. g. building, creation the executives and showcasing). Associations that are too inflexibly organized may discover coordination of every single important action troublesome (Armstrong 2001). Scratch Bontis et al (2002) states that stock and stream of information influence three level in associations: individual, group and hierarchical. Direct business needs, which have been distinguished from the investigation of the hierarchical circumstance may best be met to a limited extent by some type of preparing which falls down the association. Determination in such cases is probably going to be on an expansive premise, on the grounds that the judgment has just been made that the vast majority need this preparation. In spite of the fact that there may be conversation with line supervisors, especially on who ought to go to first, determination ulâ ¬timately ought to be a focal choice, and ought to be mandatory (Senior, 2001). Following Flood (1999) information and learning permit representatives to be better situated in association and allow them to endure and succeed in various conditions. Revans (1980) is correct expressing that learning in an association must be more noteworthy than the pace of progress since learning and improvement open new open doors for associations and permit the staff to meet the standards set down: determination and incredible individual want to ace this information. Then again, information grows such significant aptitudes as the capacity to examine and integrate data about the crashing condition. In this circumstance, representatives consider all inclusive ideas and experience of others attempting to understand his/her life issues or attempting to discover answer for these difficulties (Schuler 1998). Without new information, workers rely on their own background and are constrained by biases and life scope. Learning develops human imagination and causes it to thrive. Hierarchical learning and advancement help to make new useful information based on the current one creation workers liberated from old innovations and perspectives on their friends. Following Weick (1991): â€Å"organizations are not worked to learn. Rather, they are examples of means-closes relations purposely intended to make a similar routine reaction to various upgrades, an example which is contradictory to learning in the customary sense† (refered to Malhotra 1996). Without hierarchical learning and improvement, associations couldn't profit by outside universes relying upon their constrained world discernment. Opportunity of decision is the fundamental need given by training and information. They can pick without information yet their decision would be unintentional and can't ensure the best answer for the difficult you are confronted with. Authoritative learning and improvement help associations to connect with the general public and others which likewise a key to opportunity (Mayo 1998). In the book â€Å"The Fifth Discipline†, Senge (1995) clarifies authoritative turn of events and execution through framework hypothesis. Associations are influenced by condition and have a structure which has both formal and casual components. The examination of structure will cover how exercises are assembled, the quantity of levels in the progressive system, the degree to which authority is decentralized to divisions and units, and the connections that exist between various units and capacities. Senge states that frameworks thinking technique encourages associations to change their exercises and become a learning association (Organizational Learning and Information Systems 2007). Five orders incorporate â€Å"building shared vision, mental models, group learning, individual dominance, frameworks thinking† (Senge 1995, p. 56). These standards are urgent on the grounds that these variables permit associations adjust to evolving conditions. In this way, without dynamic learning and improvement associations won't have the option to contend available and adjust changes. Learning procedure ought to be prier to change. Remembering the need to adopt an exact and unexpected strategy to sorting out, as recommended over, the point of learning could be characterized as being to improve the game plans for directing the undertakings. â€Å"A frameworks direction is confirm through normal language delivering imagining that supports more prominent interdependency in this manner considering cross-practical reasoning and capacities to be brought into a gainful whole† (Barker, Camarata, 1998, p. 4). To do this, it is essential, to the extent conditions permit, to: explain the general motivations behind learning †the vital pushes that oversee what it does and how it capacities; characterize as exactly as conceivable the key exercises required to accomplish that reason; bunch these exercises coherently together to stay away from superfluous cover or duplicaâ ¬tion. Following Goh (1998) â€Å"Learning associations empower these practices as well as have instruments or frameworks that permit them to occur. Some portion of this information move includes taking in fruitful practices from different associations and contenders as well† (p. 5). As Katz and Kahn (1964) composed: ‘Systems hypothesis is fundamentally worried about probâ ¬lems of relationship, of structure and of association. Thus, there is an extensive accentuation on the idea of exchanges across limits †between the framework and its condition and between the various pieces of the system† (Kat z and Kahn, 1964, p. 48). As indicated by this hypothesis, all associations make them learn and advancement which impact showcase position and imaginative way to deal with execution. Structures fuse a system of jobs and connections and are there to help during the time spent guaranteeing that aggregate exertion is expressly sorted out to accomplish determined finishes (Mayo 1998). Most representatives require a lot of training to make proficient aptitudes and information. Associations are constantly reliant upon and affected by their surroundings. The fundamental attribute of authoritative learning is that it changes contributions to yields inside its condition. The parts of authoritative learning incorporate the importation of vitality, the throughput, and the frameworks as cycle parts of associations (McNamara 2007). Authoritative learning and improvement incorporate key hierarchical procedures †an organization’s ‘task’ condition incorporates providers, markets and contenders; the more extensive condition incorporates factors, for example, open perspectives, financial and political frameworks, laws and so forth; representatives and other substantial resources †individuals, plant, and hardware; formal authoritative prerequisites †frameworks intended to direct the activities of workers (and machines); the social framework †culture (qualities and standards) and connections between workers as far as force, association and trust; innovation †the significant methods individuals use while occupied with hierarchical procedures and that are customized into machines; the predominant alliance †the targets, techniques, individual attributes and inward connections of the individuals who administer the association all in all and control its essential approach m aking (Reed 2001). In the event that associations can't set up their staff to a coming change, they will be unavoidably deserted. Revans is correct expressing that learning in a ‘organization must be more prominent than or equivalent to the pace of progress in the environment’ on the grounds that associations rely on the learning and advancement as

ATV Ride Gone Wrong free essay sample

I think back and see a haze of dustâ€as I get to the accident site, I see blood pouring from Travis’ face. I need to act rapidly. I overview the harm that just happened to my now totaled ATV and my draining companion. I recall that I had placed a sweatshirt in the crate on the rear of his ATV. I run over and get it out. I state, â€Å"Apply strain to your face to attempt to slow the blood flow.† Travis is a United States Marine and rushes to think about an answer. In any case, for this situation, I am the one in control. I realize I have to call a rescue vehicle, so I pull out my telephone. No administration. I rapidly think about an alternate arrangement on the grounds that Travis is losing blood. I put him on my ATV and state, â€Å"Hold on to me as firmly as could be expected under the circumstances and keep my sweatshirt squeezed against your face. We will compose a custom exposition test on ATV Ride Gone Wrong or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page † Weaving through the path isn’t about funâ€it’s about sparing my friend’s life. Is it around this bend or the following? They all appear to be identical. The accident site is as yet 10 miles from where we left the truck. Be that as it may, I proceed. Nobody is in the city or driving past. Everything hushes up. At long last, the 9 Mile Bar is in sight. Yet, this solitary denotes a small amount of the outing. I expelled Travis from my ATV and take him in the bar where individuals assist me with cleaning his face. I ask, â€Å"Should I call an ambulance?† A bar benefactor reacts: â€Å"No it’s going to take them longer to discover us. On the off chance that you take him now, it would be a lot quicker, and deciding by his injuries, you would be advised to hurry.† So I withdraw the trailer and get him back in the truck. My lodge is just a couple of miles away, and I didn’t realize how to get to the medical clinic, so I take him to the lodge to have my mom (an enlisted nurture) look at him. At the point when we show up at my lodge, my mom quickly surges him to the emergency clinic. He required 57 lines around his eye attachment and his nose was broken. At the point when we were riding, we came up on a â€Å"S† bend. As the pioneer, I experienced it and kept on my way. However, at that point a bird of prey descended from a tree and dipped before me, creeps from hitting me. I thought back to check whether Travis saw what that bird of prey had doneâ€but rather I saw a dust storm. , Getting through the â€Å"S† bend, Travis followed too intently and got cleaned out. This caused him not to see the second 50% of the bend. When he saw where he was, it was past the point of no return. He hit a waste channel on the edge of the street, which tipped his ATV. He at that point hit a tree, making the handlebar experience his facemask and crush his face. Despite the fact that he was wearing a protective cap with a windshield, the handlebar made considerable harm his eye and nose. On the off chance that he had not been wearing a cap, his wounds could have been lethal. Also, If I had not been with him, there is a decent possibility he would not be here today. In view of my brisk reasoning and my activities, I spared my best friend’s life. What's more, he is currently back abroad shielding our nation.

Free College Essay Help All Day! (June 28, 2016)

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Analysis Of Me, Myself, And Irene - 1386 Words

â€Å"Me, Myself, and Irene† is a comedy about a character that is pushed beyond his limits within himself that causes him to have a dissociative identity disorder. The thing is this disorder probably could have been avoided if this character learned how to cope with stress. The movie focuses on the character named Charlie Baileygates who is a proud member of the Rhode Island State Police Department. In the beginning it seemed like Charlie had everything going for him, a town that respected what he was doing, a beautiful loving wife that he recently married, and a nice house that he call home. Month later he found that his wife was pregnant and one would think this couldn’t get any better for the main character of this movie; until that moment when they were in the delivery room. Charlie’s wife gave birth to three beautiful boys that were African decent and I should mention both Charlie and his wife are Caucasian. Normally anyone else would be upset and deal with how they are feeling, the fact they are finding out that their spouse had cheated and what you thought were going to be your kids ends up being someone else’s; with Charlie though he acted like nothing had happened and went on with his everyday life with his new family. Years would past while he raised his three boys with his wife; all the while his friends would keep trying to convince him that his wife had an affair behind his back. Charlie would still go on that he lived in this happy family, even when theShow MoreRelatedMovie Analysis - Me Myself and Irene Essay1463 Words   |  6 PagesIn the movie, â€Å"Me, Myself Irene†, the main character, Charlie Baileygates, played by Jim Carrey, is diagnosed with a split personality, also known as dissociative identity disorder. What that means is, at some point in the movie, he develops a second personality, and that personality goes by the name of Hank. 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The Evolution Of The American Political System - 1284 Words

1.Analyze the evolution of the American political system. Be sure to include one individual or document that influenced the Constitution and one change in the federal system. John Locke was been one of Americas most significant figures who influence how the country’s political system works today. Locke redefined the whole nature of the government, his views were similar to Thomas Hobbes’ ideas (Hobbes concluded that people are incapable of ruling themselves because it’s in our nature to self-centered not need to a strong leader to control us), however Locke was more optimistic about people’s ability to reason to help avoid tyranny. In Locke’s Second Treatise of Government he identified the basis to a reasonable government. According to Locke a ruler should gain their authority by the people who will be governed because the duty of the government is to protect the natural rights its people (life, liberty, and property), and said that if the government failed to protect these rights, the people should have the right to overthrow its government. These ideas greatly influence Thomas Jefferson when writing the Declaration of Independence. Federalism has also greatly impacted the political system in the United States because it’s the relationship between the authority and people. There are many ways the government can be divided. For example, a cooperative federalism is when the federal government governs unlimitedly and forces lower governments to supervise and enforce nationalShow MoreRelatedPolitics Of The Polarized Classroom Essay1666 Words   |  7 Pagesprofessor challenges a Christian student for his irrational beliefs, but suddenly comes to terms with the irrationality of his own belief system by the end of the movie (Noble). An average movie at best, it can be said that richer meaning might be found in the circumstances of its creation. Movies, after all, mimic aspects of reality regardless of genre, so that the political realities described therein are hardly fictional in nature. 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Iran Contra Affair Free Essays

The Iran-Contra scandal had a big effect on the United States but it had a huge effect on Nicaragua. Through out 1985-86, the Reagan administration was selling weapons to Iran illegally in order to encourage Iran to free hostages in the Middle East. Meanwhile, the Reagan administration wanted to support the Contras in Nicaragua, a rebel group fighting to overthrow the Sandinista government. We will write a custom essay sample on Iran Contra Affair or any similar topic only for you Order Now The administration decided to use the money made from selling arms to Iran, and had it sent to the Contras without passing through the United States. Walsh, p2. ) In this paper, I am going to provide the background of the situation. I will explain how the money from the missile sales was used to support the Contras. I will also tell how everything became public, the end of United States support for the Contras and about then investigations and public hearings in the United States. But finally this paper is about the significance, or impact, of the Iran-Contra affair. The Sandinista National Liberation Front was founded in 1963. Named after Augusto Ceser Sandino, it was an extreme leftist organization â€Å"of Castroite and Maoist direction. † There were only about 150 members as of 1975, but sympathy was growing. (Times, 1/3/75) By August 1975, the SNLF had â€Å"begun to gain strength as discontent with the Somoza regime [had] spread through the middle classes. † (Times, 8/6/75) By August 1977 according to The New York Times, Amnesty International said that â€Å"there had been widespread abduction, torture and killing of peasants by the National Guard† during the previous year. 8/16/77) The strength of the SNLF continued to grow. In October 1977, the SNLF, for the first time, was â€Å"joined by non-Marxist opponents of the regime† including some conservatives. (Times, 10/20/77) By May 1978 opposition groups, including the SNLF, were proposing a coalition government that would exclude Somoza. (Times, 5/1/78) By November 1978, the Carter Administration was trying to push Somoza â€Å"into a compromise with his opponents. † (Times, 11/21/78) After 4 years of growing violence, including street fighting in the capitol, Somoza finally resigned. 9/17/79) After the Sandinistas took power in 1979, the remnants of Somoza’s National Guard scattered. As Kornbluh and Byrne describes The Iran Contra Scandal, they were reduced to small bands of some 250 men, hiding in Honduras and Guatemala, where they resorted to random violence and stealing to survive. The CIA brought these small groups together. After the Contras started receiving money from the CIA, the number of attacks on the Sandinistas increased a lot. Attacks during this period included, sabotage of highway bridges, sniper fire on small military patrols, the burning of customs warehouses and crops, and ‘the assassination of minor government officials’†( Kornbluh, p. 2; they are quoting from a document in the National Security Archives). On December 1, 1981, President Ronald Rea gan signed a finding allowing our government to help the Contras. Beginning in March 1982, the whole thing became public as articles in the Nation, the New York Times, the Washington Post and Newsweek reported on CIA aid to the Contras. Congress reacted to this by passing the Boland Amendment, which read: None of the funds in this Act may be used by the Central Intelligence Agency of or the Department of Defense to furnish military equipment, military training or advice, or other support for military activities, to any group or individual, not part of a country’s armed forces, for the purpose of overthrowing the government of Nicaragua or provoking a military exchange between Nicaragua and Honduras. (Kornbluh, p. ) In spite of this, the Reagan Administration continued to aid the Contras, all the time denying that they were doing so. Among the aid they sent was the Psychological Operations in Guerrilla Warfare training manual, referred to by those who knew about it as the â€Å"murder manual. † (Kornbluh, p. 2) The Reagan administration later on came up with a new strategy, to portray the Contras as freedom fighters and the Sandinistas as oppressors. In 1984, the CIA sowed mines in a major port in Nicar agua causing a severe amount of damage. The Contras took credit for this. But a few weeks later the press exposed the CIA involvement. In response, Congress passed a second Boland Amendment, which said that neither the CIA nor the Defense Department could fund the Contras, either directly or indirectly. From then on the administration worked through the National Security Council, and NSC staff member Oliver North. NSC William Clark established Office of Public Diplomacy for Latin America and the Caribbean (housed in State Department but reported to the NSC), Oliver North attended the meetings: responsible for all Contra affairs. Because the CIA was prohibited from operating inside the United States, Director William Casey had senior propaganda specialist Walter Raymond transferred to the NSC. As Raymond declared, his job was to â€Å"concentrate on gluing black hats on Sandinistas and white hats on Contras. † (Kornbluh, p. 5) All this time, CIA intelligence analysts were saying that the Contras couldn’t win, even with American support. Robert Owen, Oliver North’s personal intermediary with the Contras is quoted as saying they were simply â€Å"profiteers. 1 Meanwhile, during 1985-86, as mentioned earlier, the Reagan administration was selling weapons to Iran illegally in order to encourage Iran to free hostages in the Middle East. After the 1979 hostage situation at the United States Embassy in Tehran, Carter had imposed an embargo on selling weapons to Iran. When Reagan came to power in 1981, the Embassy hostages were freed, but Reagan continued the embargo policy. In 1983, the adminis tration strengthened it through operation STAUNCH, a worldwide voluntary arms embargo against Tehran. But for several reasons, some people in the administration supported softening the stance toward Iran. The idea that selling weapons would help win the release of hostages encouraged them to act. The way the United States diverted the funds is complex. Basically, the United States sold arms to Iran, hoping to get hostages freed, then used the money they got to arm and support the Contras. All of this was done secretly. On October 5th, 1986, an American plane was shot down by Sandinistas over southern Nicaragua. The two pilots were killed, but the â€Å"cargo kicker,† Eugene Hasenfus, parachuted out and was captured by Sandinista soldiers. He told the Sandinistas everything he know about United States involvement with the contras. The next day, the story was on the front page of every major United States newspaper. Then, on November 3rd, 1986, a Lebanese paper published a story that revealed the United States trading of arms for hostages. (historycommons. org, p. 1) Having these two pieces of the puzzle soon led to people discovering the connections between the arms-for-hostages deals and secret aid for the Contras. Once the Iran-Contra connection had become public, Reagan appointed John Tower, Edmund Muskie and Brent Scowcroft to a President’s Special Review Board charged with investigating the affair. People expected the Tower Commission to be a whitewash, but its report brought to light many of the details of what had happened. On November 26, 1986, Attorney General Edwin Meese ordered the FBI to begin an investigation of the Iran-Contra episode. December 19, 1986, Lawrence E. Walsh was named to the Office of Independent Counsel to take over that investigation. The Tower Commission, congressional investigations and the work of the Independent Counsel led to indictments of Oliver North and John Poindexter on March 16, 1988. North was convicted on charges of obstruction of justice, misleading Congress, and accepting an illegal gratuity, but an appeals court overturned the verdict because testimony to Congress given under immunity might have affected his trial. Poindexter was also convicted and his convictions overturned on appeal. (Kornbluh, p. xxviii) In 1992, George H. W. Bush pardoned six others who had been indicted or convicted of crimes in the affair. The Iran-Contra affair made the United States look untrustworthy internationally, as well as causing people to distrust their government. The United States government depends on a system of checks and balances among the congress, executive and judicial branches. If the executive branch does whatever it wants and hides its actions from the congress, then the people are no longer in charge of their government. This is a genuine threat to democracy. When Somoza resigned in 1979, the Sandinistas and others who had opposed Somoza formed a junta to govern until there were elections. The country was a mess. There was poverty, malnutrition, disease, pollution from pesticides, factory runoff and raw sewage into Lake Managua. The Sandinistas tried to address these problems and might have succeeded if the Contras had not undermined a lot of what they did. Money from Cuba and Eastern Europe was spent on building up an army to combat the Contras instead of being used for other important needs. The Sandinistas won an election in 1984 with 67% of the vote; most international observers deemed the elections fair. Exhaustion on both sides, fear of losing to the Contras, and mediation by other governments in the area led to the â€Å"Sapoa ceasefire† between the Sandinistas and the Contras on March 23, 1988. In the elections that followed in February 1991, the Sandinistas, who were expected to win, were soundly defeated. The new President was Violeta Chamorro, widow of a prize winning newspaper editor who had struggled against Somoza. When the Chamorro government took power, the situation of the country was even more desperate than in 1979. 2 All in all, the Contras and the United States support for them were disastrous for Nicaragua. Notes 1 This paragraph is based on information from Kornbluh. 2 This paragraph is based on information from Britanica. Works Cited Britinaca. com. http://www. britinica. com/EBchecked/topic/413855/Nicaragua . â€Å"Iran-Contra and Arms-for-Hostages Scandals: Eugene Hasenfus† http://www. historycommons. org/jsp? irancontraaffair_key_figures . Kornbluh, Peter, and Malcom Byrne. The Iran-Contra Scandal: The Declassified History. New York: The New Press, 1993. The New York Times, January 3, 1975-September 17, 1979. Walsh, Lawrence E. Independent Counsel Report. â€Å"Executive Summary,† p. 2. http://www. fas. org/irp/offdocs/walsh/execsum. htm . How to cite Iran Contra Affair, Papers

Developing and maintaining free essay sample

Developing and maintaining good relationships is central to improving outcomes for individuals, their carers and their families none the less it is imperative to continue establishing and maintain positive working relationships with all involved in the care of service users to provide an all-round quality service which can be achieved by having good procedures and working in a warm, friendly, accountable and professional way.Carers:Working with carers for the benefit of care professionals, service users and carers themselves play an important role in many service users lives they are often the people who know the service user best and can be an invaluable source of information and support. Carers might be best positioned to provide the help needed to achieve the best possible outcomes for the service user. They assist with personal care, administration of medication, domestic tasks and monitor service users well – being as well as advocate for the individuals. We will write a custom essay sample on Developing and maintaining or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Carers involvement play a vital role to positive outcomes. They are more likely to have first handed information and knowledge of day to day events of a service users life, they get to read the signs of relapse or any relevant behavioural changes.†¢ Improved outcomes for service usersIncreasing the knowledge, confidence and understanding of significant others in dealing with the service users problems and their own feelings and anxieties regarding the situation can aid service users recovery.Information sharing can work two ways – not only do carers require information from the service provider, the service provider can also learn from family and friends experience and knowledge. It is worth emphasising that listening to carers or accepting information from them does not constitute a breach of confidentiality.Families:Families contribute a lot to the care and support of individuals in care in many ways. In the first place, it is the family that is the first port of call in terms of care in the sense that it is the family that acknowledges that a member of their family requires professional care and takes the matter to body responsible. It is the family that provides the critical information on the condition of the individual before the experts begin their assessments. When an individual has been admitted into care or wants to remain living independently at home the family provides stability by constant visits and encouragement as well as in times of crisis the family can provide calm and understanding as they know the individual better than anyone. The family can also provide financial management if requested to do so. Overall the family provides stability, comfort, support and love and affection unconditionally whilst needed. There are some factors that may affect the level of involvement of family members in care or support such as different work commitments of family members if they are all in full time employment, distance, willingness to travel or restriction on time available, ability to travel or drive, as well as a good or poor relationship with the individual, all these can have an effect on the level of family involvement.In my role as a manager, I strive to create an environment in which individual feel their needs are being heard and understood and this requires integrity, honesty and skill. My team and I deliver our services with a problem solving and can do approach by working collaboratively in overcoming issues and meeting the needs of individuals

An Occupational Therapy Essay Example

An Occupational Therapy Paper An occupational therapist is a trained and licensed health care professional who can make a complete evaluation of the impact of disease on the activities of the patient at home and in work situations. Hobbies and recreational activities are considered when an assessment is made. The most generally accepted definition of occupational therapy is that it is an activity, physical or mental, that aids in a patient’s recovery from disease or injury. The Occupational therapist takes a history from the patient by conducting a thorough interview. Questions are asked about hygiene, eating, dressing, getting in and out of bed, driving, cleaning, working and the patients sex life. A physical examination is conducted extensively concentrating on range of motion. Observations of deformities are noted because they may hinder the performance of the patient. The therapist assesses the need for splints or supports which might benefit the patient and helps design specific assistive devices. We will write a custom essay sample on An Occupational Therapy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on An Occupational Therapy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on An Occupational Therapy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer â€Å"It is the job of the occupational therapist to innovate plans to overcome the imposed limitations while helping the patient reduce strain and prevent further damage by teaching techniques that conserve energy† (Sasser 75). There are numerous ways to make daily living easier. The most crucial part of therapy is assessing the patient’s environment. All the people, cultural conditions and physical objects that are around them, create their environment. The behavior and development of people is a direct result of the interaction between them and their surroundings. A patient’s behavior is greatly effected when they are mismatched with their environment. â€Å"A persons environment match is present when the persons level of competence matches the demands of the environment† (Cole 75). Full participation by the patient is required to make it practicable. The importance of occupational therapy is to help the patient use what they have to the fullest. Therapists know that in this particular field there will not be a dramatic improvement, but there will be a better quality of life lived by the patient. In today’s world, it is extremely important to keep accurate records on all aspects of care giving. According to Sladyk, â€Å"Documentation is one of the most important duties an occupational therapist can have aside from treating the patient† (191). As occupational therapy students, it is imperative that we develop these skills and become proficient in the art of technical writing. As technical writers, we will use evaluation reports, daily progress notes, summary reports and discharge plans. Accuracy and attention to detail in the content of these reports is essential in treating and determining the progress of our patients. Documentation is the means by which we communicate our treatment to other health professionals and third party payers. In most cases, it is necessary to communicate effectively to others, orally and in writing the status of the patient. In addition, documentation is an important aspect of our field because it conveys the status and condition of the patient and our plan and evaluation of said condition to other caregivers. Medical records will be read by the doctors, nurses and in some cases by those submitting payment to the insurance companies. It is important that as occupational therapy students we develop documentation skills early and continue to refine these skills throughout our careers. In order to implement the guidelines for excellent technical communication, we need to remember the three major reasons to be honest as a communicator. First, we must keep in mind that technical communication is not about using words and pictures to mislead or lie to people. It is about helping people understand how to make wise choices. â€Å"If you lie or mislead, people can be hurt† (Markell 12). Secondly, a patient can worsen in condition if we fail to honestly report our findings. Thirdly, our organization could get into serious legal trouble if we are dishonest. This can lead to lawsuits and malpractice. A treatment plan is likely to be the first formal piece of documentation an occupational therapy student is likely to write. â€Å"Both the Certified Occupational Therapy Assistant (COTA) and the Occupational Therapist-Registered (OTR) participate in the treatment evaluation and the resulting treatment plan† (Early 94). The OTR is ultimately responsible for the treatment plan. The COTA implements the plan and delivers treatment. After the evaluations have been completed, a comprehensive treatment plan must be documented. This documentation is done by the COTA and later reviewed and checked for accuracy by the OTR. Each facility has established it’s own method for documenting a treatment plan. Some facilities have developed critical pathways that dictate the treatment plan, reducing the paperwork. Generally, a treatment plan includes problems, assets, goals/objectives, treatments, and outcomes/discharge criteria. Accuracy is paramount in all medical records. Inaccurate writing causes many problems as unclear writing. Therefore, it is key to be accurate as well as neat and understandable. The slightest inaccuracy will confuse the reader. A major inaccuracy, naturally, can be dangerous and expensive. Markell states, â€Å"Accuracy is a question of ethics so our communication must be as objective as possible and free of bias† (13). Documentation that is understandable is legible, easy to read, and void of jargon. The occupational therapy practitioner should remember that others will be reading his or her documentation, and they might not understand the jargon familiar in OT. Documentation that is concise and free of spelling and grammatical errors is understandable. As occupational therapists we must follow our code of ethics which places the patient in the highest standard of quality care. This care involves everything from the evaluation to the treatment. A discharge plan includes instructions for the patient and their family. This plan requires accurate technical communication skills. Precision in our instructions can lead to easier implementation of a follow-up plan. â€Å"The follow-up plan is important in maintaining the patient at his or her current level of improvement while not under the supervision of the therapist† (Sladyk 79). This is critical in the patients overall recovery. Technical writing skills such as creating progress reports and developing status reports are needed in building a strong occupational therapy treatment plan. It is also useful in evaluating patients and documenting their abilities in the beginning of treatment and progress at the end of treatment. These reports are read by all those involved in the treatment and recovery of the patient. A progress report communicates to a supervisor and/or organization the current status of patient. The status report keeps them informed of changes, setbacks or progress. The tone should always be objective, neither defensive nor casual. It should be professional and clearly detailed. A time pattern is used in all of the documentation we will be writing. Dates are crucial in showing the time frame that a therapist has implemented. Aside from documenting the progress of a patient, dates are also used as evidence of treatment in order to allocate further funds from insurance companies to continue rehabilitation. The first step in writing a therapy treatment plan, Aquaviva states, â€Å"is to establish a list of problems that the patient is facing and show behavioral evidence that these are problems affecting their daily life† (52). To do this, the therapist should review uniform terminology and make a written list of problems. Activities of daily living (ADL’s), must be evaluated and listed. Problems are stated and the behavioral indicators for each problem are noted. With many patients, the occupational therapist is likely to identify more problems that can realistically be addressed during treatment. Therefore, the therapist must set a priority list of problems to be addressed. Identifying patient assets can help prioritize treatment problems. The use of lists, another technical writing aspect, is helpful. Using lists can be useful in structuring a treatment plan for a patient. The therapist may want to begin a patient on a certain task. Using a list can clearly allow the therapist to prioritize the treatment plan. Less important items can be left for last or eliminated. Sometimes, a few tasks can be grouped together, allowing room for other tasks to be added to the treatment plan. The greatest strength of an occupational therapy plan is the use of functional activities. â€Å"Through functional activities, the therapist provides treatment that is relevant to the patient, which will promote independence† (Okeema 77). Functional activity promotes repetition and maintains interest. Listing these activities for the patient promotes utilization of a task and encourages the patient to remain focused and active in their rehabilitation. Therefore, an effective use of lists can facilitate the treatment process. Critical thinking skills as well as technical writing skills are essential to becoming a competent occupational therapy practitioner. These skills include information gathering, organizing, analyzing, generating, integrating and evaluating. It is essential that as occupational therapy students we become self-determining, independent thinkers. Technical writing skills will be used throughout our career. Mastering technical writing will come with practice and will prove to be one of the most instrumental elements we have learned in our curriculum. Works Cited Aquaviva, J. D. Effective Documentation for Occupational Therapy. Bethesda, MD: American Occupational Therapy Association, 1992. Early, M. B. Mental Health Concepts and Techniques for the Occupational Therapist Assistant. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Raven Press, 1993. Markell, Mike. Technical Communication: Situations and Strategies. 5th ed. Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martin’s Press, 1998. Okeema, Kathleen. Cognition and Perception in Occupational Therapy. Gaithsburg, MD: Aspen Publishing, 1993. Reed, K. L. Quick Reference to Occupational Therapy. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Publications, 1991. Sasser, Martha. The Practice of Occupational Therapy. 2nd ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby- Year Book, Inc, 1998. Sladyk, Karen. OT Student Primer: A Guide to College Success. Thorofare, NJ: SLACK Incorporated, 1997.

Child obesity in the US and Saudi Arabia

Child obesity in the US and Saudi Arabia Previous studies on child obesity have revealed serious prevalence of overweight as well as obesity among children in both countries. National Health and Nutrition Examination 2007-2008 data indicates that 16.9% of children in the US aged 2-19 years suffer from obesity. The data also shows that there was an increase of 6.5%-19.6% among children aged 6-11 years and an increase of 5.0%-18.1% of children aged 12-19 years during the same period (Carroll, Curtin, Flegal, Lamb, Ogden 2010, 243).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Child obesity in the US and Saudi Arabia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The data revealed significant sex and racial disparities of obesity in children with a greater percentage of non-Hispanic blacks more likely to suffer from obesity. On the other hand, a research done by International Obesity Task Force in the period of 1990-2007 showed that children in Saudi Arabia have had an average obesity prevalence of 6.7% among boys and 6.0% among girls aged 1-18 years (Aziz, Jalali-Farahani, Mirmiran, Sherafat-Kazemzadeh 2010, 247). Survey results of the National Center for Health Statistics done in 2000, showed that child obesity in Saudi Arabia averages at about 15.8% for the same age. It is estimated that about 14% of children in Saudi Arabia who are below age 6 are obese (Madani 2000, 1). The child obesity data among all the age groups in the US show that there has been a year-on-year increases in the rates of prevalence (Barnes 2011). The data presented shows a higher prevalence in the US than in Saudi Arabia. There were particular high increases in 1999-2000 and 2003-2004 in the US showing significant and sudden changes in lifestyle. Both countries experience higher levels of prevalence on boys than girls. The trends in both countries are highly associated with socioeconomic status. However, as opposed to the US where children of lower socio-economic and urban clas ses seem to be more likely to be affected, children of high socioeconomic status in Saudi Arabia are the most vulnerable to child obesity. Data that was collected from medical and healthcare institutions also showed that child obesity prevalence is higher among US children than the Saudi Arabian children. It revealed that about 15-17% of children aged 6-11 years and 12-19 years in the US suffered from obesity while about 10.7% of children aged 5-18 years in Saudi Arabia suffered from the same. The survey data revealed that about 18% of children in the US are obese with higher prevalence among boys. On the other hand, the same survey data revealed that Saudi Arabian children had a prevalence rate of about 11.8%. The boys were more likely to be affected by obesity as compared to girls. This implies that there is a high child obesity prevalence rate especially among the children in the US. Besides, the data showed that obesity rate does not decrease with increase in age.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Causes of obesity among children Statistics show that obesity in children in the US is more prevalent among low-income children especially those aged 2-4 years with about 5%-20% of this group being affected. Previous studies also indicate that most of child obesity is the result of caloric imbalance as children tend to eat foods containing more than 1000 calories. Besides, these children live in environments which do not encourage physical activity. This means that calories are not burnt off. Childhood inactivity is highly associated with obesity. Preschool study carried out in 2009 showed that 89% of preschoolers in the US lead a sedentary lifestyle ((Dietz Stern 1999, 23). Childhood obesity results from an interaction between genetic and other factors. 80% of children born from both obese parents are also more likely to be obese as compar ed to 10% of children born from non-obese parents (Kopelman 2005, 82). Psychological problems such as low self-esteem can influence eating habits of those affected. Early introduction of solid food to infants is the major cause of obesity among children below the age of five years. According to Ferry (2011) children are also introduced to high-fat snacks as well as sugary junk food which results to high calories consumption. In addition, most children especially those in urban towns are not trained to develop healthy exercise habits. They spend much time watching television or playing video games. According to (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2011), just a third of school going children in the US get daily physical education. Low socioeconomic status could lead to poor nutrition as most families tend to eat high calorie foods to cater for their high activity level. Genetic factors could also cause obesity although the chances are very minimal unless the child eats more f ood. The survey carried out showed that poor nutrition causes about 34% of the child obesity. 38% of children reported less consumption of vegetables and fruits. Low socioeconomic status highly contributed to poor nutrition among obese children. It also showed that children who watch television or play video games for more than four hours a day are 22% more likely to suffer from obesity. When asked about how often they did exercise, most children responded negatively. However, about 36% said they suffered from obesity because their parents were also obese. How child obesity affect children’s social life Previous studies have discovered that obesity is highly associated with low self-esteem. Decreased self-esteem causes sadness in about 19% of children suffering from obesity. Low self-esteem also causes 21% of them to feel nervous (Strauss 2000, 15). Low self-esteem makes children less confident and therefore they are not able to interact with their peers. They are therefore c ondemned to loneliness. Feelings of depression could make a child to overeat (Goodman Whitaker 2002, 498).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Child obesity in the US and Saudi Arabia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Childhood obesity causes several social problems to the affected children. Obesity could lead to psychosocial problems such as low self-esteem as well as reduced social networking (Gardner 2009). Such children may also suffer from depression due to discrimination and harassment from their peers and family members (Ferry 2011). This could possible cause loneliness in children who are obese. They are therefore likely to develop poor social skills. About 8.2% of obese adolescents said they were feeling depressed. 31% said that they were teased by their peers while 19% said that they were accepted by their peers. Majority of the children said that they suffered from loneliness. It is assumed that they are not able to do most physical activities. This has led to low self-esteem among obese children. Between 24% and 38% said that they suffered from low self-esteem. Prevention of obesity in children Exclusive breast-feeding of newborn infants is highly recommended for nutritional benefits (Dietz Stern 1999, 12). It is likely to help protect the child against obesity that could occur in later life. Major priority should be given to teaching children and parents about nutrition and healthy diet. Children should also be provided with healthy food choices. They should be provided with snacks that contain low sodium, fat as well as sugar content (Shield Mullen 2002, 123). Children should also be taught on the need to maintain a health activity level. Sedentary lifestyle should be discouraged and television viewing time should be limited. Physical education in schools should also be enhanced. Reference List Aziz, F., Jalali-Farahani, S., Mirmiran, p., Sherafat-Kazemzadeh, R., 2010, Ch ildhood obesity in the Middle East: A review. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 16(9). Nasr City, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean: World Health Organization. Barnes, J., 2011, Childhood obesity: Statistics and trends. Web. Carroll, M., D., Curtin, L., R., Flegal, K., M., Lamb, M., M., Ogden, C., L., 2010, Prevalence of high body mass index in U.S: children and adolescents, 2007- 2008. JAMA 303(3):242-9. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011, Overweight and obesity. Web. Dietz, W., H., Stern, L., 1999,   The official complete home reference guide to your childs nutrition.   Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics.  pp.12, 23. Ferry, R., J., 2011, Obesity in children. Web. Gardner, T., 2009, The 5 problems caused by childhood obesity. Web. Goodman, E., Whitaker, R., C., 2002,. A prospective study of the role of depression in the development and persistence of adolescent obesity. Pediatrics 110 (3): 497–504. San Diego: US American Psychological Association. Kopelman, P., G., 2005, Clinical obesity in adults and children: In Adults and Children. Blackwell Publishing. P. 82. Madani, K., A., 2000, Obesity in Saudi Arabia. Bahrain Medical Buletin, 22(3): 1-9. Bahrain: Bahrain Medical Association. Shield, J., Mullen, M. C. (2002).   The American Dietetic Association guide to healthy eating for kids: How your children can eat smart from five to tw elve.   New York: Wiley. p. 123. Strauss, R., S., 2000, Childhood obesity and self-esteem. Pediatrics 105 (1). San Diego: US American Psychological Association. P. 15.

Compare and Contrast Zombie and Vampire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Compare and Contrast Zombie and Vampire - Essay Example These have made the creatures to appear as if they are similar and related creatures which might not be the true. Although they bear striking similarities such as being undead beings (supernatural), immortal and inhumane in nature, they also differ pronouncedly in their theories of origin, physical characteristics, modes of feeding and the extent of powers that each possesses. These are discussed as follows. The most obvious and common similarity between vampires and zombies is that they both arose from the dead. Both the vampire and the zombie are dead human beings that have been brought back to life by the use of supernatural powers such as black magic or sorcery. They might differ in other characteristics though, but their original roots are traced back to people who once lived normal human lives and died, but now continue to exist as the undead and totally different from their former selves in terms of characters and abilities. For centuries, vampires are believed to be undead, immortal, demonic and superstitious beings that were condemned to eternal suffering by unclear forces and supernatural beings of nature. They are immortal in the sense that they can’t be killed by normal phenomena that would claim a normal human being’s life such as poison, accidents and diseases. They are though, believed to lose their immortality when subjected or exposed to some special substances and conditions like the religious cross, roses and the garlic. Similarly, zombies are corpses that have been revived using Voodoos and other magical powers; mostly in the Haitian folklores. They too are immortal just like the vampires and are under absolute control of their creators who uses them as their slaves who have the powers to rip them of their immortal status. They are total subjects of their creators since they lack their own will. A zombie being under total control of their creator, it lacks the ability to

WGST400 Assignment 3 Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

WGST400 Assignment 3 - Research Proposal Example I have never visited the two countries, but it will be of essence to me to know how the two countries handled women issues. For example, I will be interested to know whether the way they handled and addressed women issues was similar or different to my country. Currently, I see many women getting involved in various aspects of our societies. Moreover, many women have been in the forefront in managing and leading issues of our societies. It will be prudent to know how this has transformed throughout the history. I believe that not so many people are aware of what women encountered during this period, and therefore, it will be crucial to know about women in the period and get a lesson from it. I hope to learn how feminism and pacifism progressed in the two countries during the period of the war. The other focus will be to know how it changed after the war. Additional attention will be to know how feminism and pacifism in the two countries influenced other parts of the globe. I have not addressed this topic in my previous research. The topic is appropriate for WGST400, as it will be informative to my readers and me. I will, therefore, have the advantage of having a broad area to cover as I focus on unearthing various issues related to feminism and war. Although lack of previous exposure will be a challenge, I believe I will gather a wealth of information. I also have confidence that various information that I will gather will be satisfactory for this course. In the research paper, I seek to focus on how feminism faired during the period of war in terms of nationalism and pacifism. I will also address the feminist/ pacifist response to war and the differences that arose in various women groups because of war. Moreover, I will seek to show the changing women roles and challenges in England and France due to the advent of war. I will be consulting various sources in this research. The sources seem valuable in addressing the issues that I have

Developing Successful Strategic Alliances

Developing Successful Strategic Alliances The traditional relationship between the client, consultants, main contractor, subcontractors and suppliers within the construction industry using a traditional contract is in most cases but not all very contractual and adversarial one Blame Culture which is not productive in a business as it about relationships, where the client and consultants puts all of the risk on to the main contractor who in turn passes it down the line to their supplier chain i.e. Suppliers Subcontractors, due to the nature of the construction industry i.e. large and complex projects that need to be completed to unrealistic time frames, budget, quality, safety expectations, this is the direct opposite and goes against the grain of Strategic Alliances. Gomes-Casseres 2003 p.1213 combines elements of item 1 2 above Alliances are agreements between two or more separate firms that involve ongoing resource contributions from each to create joint value, are incomplete contracts where the terms of the agreement cannot be completely specified and agreed at the outset and joint decision making to manage the business and share value We will be adopting the characteristics of item 3 above in our business plan. Alliances (large and small) have been around in one form or another since the early 1990s, they are used in all different industries across the world and the construction and engineering industry is no exception some notable projects that have been completed around the world using alliances are: Burj Khalifa, Dubai UAE, the worlds tallest building was built by a Joint Venture (type of strategic alliance) by Samsung Engineering Construction (South Korea), Besix (Belgium) and Arabtec from UAE; The Dubai Mall, Dubai, UAE, the worlds largest retail development was built by a Joint Venture Partnership (type of strategic alliance) by Dutco Balfour Beatty (the author used to work for this company) Al Ghandi and Consolidated Contractors International Company (DBB/AG and CCC); and Gateway Bridge Duplication Upgrade Project, Brisbane, Australia, was built by Leighton Contractors Abigroup Joint Venture at a cost of AUS$1.88b it consisted of the duplication of Gateway Bridge and 20km upgrading of Gateway Motorway, including the Gateway Deviation. This business plan has be developed using the principles of leading alliances academics, experts practitioners in their field in particular Gomes-Casseres work to develop best practices that work, while recognising that each alliance is unique and there is no one size fits all approach. This document is a work in progress and we would be working with the potential partners after the business alliance strategy has been established by MCS Constructions, to jointly develop the alliance operating plan, this will construct a solid foundation for a mutually beneficial relationship. The topic of this report is Defining a Business Plan for a Potential Strategic Alliance, there are many possible interpretations of this topic as strategic alliances have been in existence since the early 90s, are used in across a variety of different industries, companies both large and small, on a domestic and international level which can range from very simple to the complex. Drawing upon my own life/work experiences, knowledge, skills and qualifications in the construction and engineering industry both local and international over the last 10 years plus (refer CV in Appendix ?), and considering I do not have access to relevant information on an existing alliance, I will be looking at the feasibility of developing a potential strategic alliance and defining a business plan which will include but not limited to the following areas as outlined in the elective assignment specification (refer appendix ?): This is drawn on the extensive life/work experiences, knowledge, skills and qualifications gained by the owner/director Mr. Matthew C. Smith in the construction and engineering industry both local and international over the last 10 years plus (refer CV in Appendix ?), which is evident in the business today. We are exploring the feasibility of setting up a Strategic Alliance with other trusted companies within the industry, to provide its clients (Public Private) with single-source of responsibility, a one-stop shop to complete its projects of various sizes and complexity on time, to budget, quality and safety that exceeds the clients expectations and objectives. In order to do this a strategic alliance would provide a vehicle with capital/finance, additional knowledge, skills, experiences, expertise from the potential partner companies (Consultants, Major Preferred Suppliers and Major Preferred Subcontractors) both local international, resources, connections, capabilities and competencies, where the clients projects require a broad range of expertise, some of which we may not have in-house. We would be looking at developing this alliance capability to enter the overseas and remote projects in developing and third world countries in particular Middle East / Africa / Asia etc. We would also welcome alliances closer to home (Australia) when needed and depending on our clients requirements. Is to provide its clients (Public Private) with a single-source of responsibility, a one-stop shop to complete its projects of various sizes and complexity on time, to budget, quality and safety that exceeds the clients expectations and objectives in an economic, efficient, ethical, environmental sustainable way. At this stage of the business plan we have not identified any particular companies as potential partner organisations but MCS Constructions would be looking to undertake a strategic alliance that consists of both local and international firms (large or small) within the construction and engineering industry supply chain both up and down the line. The rationale for MCS Constructions to partner with the supply chain (as outlined above) both up and down the line (forward and backward integration) for it to deliver the alliances clients within the construction and engineering industry, projects that are on time, to budget, quality and safety and exceeds the clients expectations and objectives. We offer our potential partners our core competency of Technological Know-How and Management Know-How within our chosen area of knowledge, skills, experiences and expertise in commercial construction i.e. new build, fit-out, refurbishment and heritage listed work. We would be looking for a potential partner with which would complement us and provide capital/financing, additional resources, capabilities, competences, skills, experiences, knowledge, connections, expertise etc. The anticipated benefits would be that MCS Constructions would be able to grow and expand its business overseas into new markets with the additional capital/financing, resources, capabilities, skills, experiences and expertise in their chosen area i.e. Consultancy, Major Preferred Suppliers and Major Preferred Subcontractors, to share risk/reward (Gain/Pain Share) and am opportunity to learn. Now we have made the decision to enter a strategic alliance, we have many choices to be made that relate to the design of the alliance, scope, goals, management processes including legal, tax, insurances, financing, structure etc. This will be outlined in a formal alliance agreement (refer to appendix ? for a sample copy). In relation to legal, tax and insurances, performance bonds/guarantees, profit etc. (for the purposes of this report is outside its scope) this will depend on the local jurisdiction that the strategic alliance is under i.e. Country that the alliance is operating in for example Dubai, UAE it is a requirement that international companies setup a joint venture to partner with a local company sponsor where 51% will been owned by the local company and 49% by the international company. The author used to work for Dutco Balfour Beatty LLC in Dubai, UAE which was 51% owned by the local company Dutco and 49% owned by Balfour Beatty the international company. On a separate note the author used to work for Balfour Beatty in the UK. There are three major forms of strategic alliances Joint Venture, Equity Strategic Alliance and Non-Equity Strategic Alliances, the final decision on the form will be negotiated between all parties to their mutual benefit, but it is envisaged that we will use a Non-Equity Strategic Alliance (refer to definitions section) which over time may develop into a Joint Venture. Stage 1: Utilise the alliance partners specialty in their chosen area, we will allocate tasks and responsibilities to each partner on the basis of what they do best, we will tender and bid for constructions and engineering projects in various target markets/segments, tendering and bidding for projects requires capital, resources, time, etc., if we are not successful at winning work we will continue to look for other opportunities, if we are successful at winning work then we will move into Stage 2; Stage 2: Once we have successfully won and been awarded the project/contract from the client we will enter the Project Stage where we will utilise the alliance partners specialty in their chosen area, we will allocate tasks and responsibilities to each partner on the basis of what they do best, the project stage will depending on the type, size, complexity of the project be broken down into various stages which will typically following a traditional matrix: Alliances Specific Strategy and Alliances Analysis Selection this will be undertaken be the Senior Management of MCS Constructions championed by the owner / director Mr. Matthew C. Smith but will including other internal resources HRM, Accounting / Finance / Legal and Operational Managers, as well as external consultants when required and needed such as Facilitator, Lawyer, Investment Bank, Strategic Alliance Management Consultants i.e. Vantage Partners to provide their expertise as this is the first strategic alliance for MCS Constructions. Alliance Value-Creating Negotiations, Operational Planning and Structuring this will be continued by the owner / director Mr. Matthew C. Smith and the senior management of the preferred potential partner once a MOUP has been enacted by all parties including a non-disclosure confidentiality agreement, this is to continue to build the relational capital and trust between the parties moving forward. According to (Gomes-Casseres 2003 p. 120 64% of poor or damaged relationships between firms are the foremost cause of alliance failure.

Marketing Segmentation and Product Positioning

Marketing Segmentation and Product Positioning MKT 500-Marketing Management Strayer University April 27, 2011 In a rush to produce more and more crops to satisfy growing demand, producers have resort to using a lethal cocktail of pesticides to control disease and insect attack. Do you really know what goes into your food? This is why you need to be informed of the advantages of organic food. The quality of food has definitely gone down since the Second World War. For instance, the levels of vitamin C in today’s fruit bear no resemblance to the levels found in wartime fruit. Organic food is known to contain 50% more nutrients, minerals and vitamins than produce that has been intensively farmed. You will have to eat more fruit nowadays to make up the deficiency, but unfortunately that means eating more chemicals, more detrimental affects on your health eating something that should be good for all. Also don’t forget about the cocktail of anti-biotic and hormones that cattle and poultry are force fed. What happens to those chemicals when the animal dies? Digested and stored in human bodies is the answer. If you are as worried as I am about the health of your family then you need to seriously consider converting your family to the organic lifestyle. Organic Food Store SWOT Analysis Strengths Organic food is richer in Vitamins, Minerals, and Fiber and retains the level of nutrients for much longer. You will have more energy through consuming low levels of toxics and chemicals that slow your body down. Weaknesses People are unaware about organic food There is a rigid mentality of people to adapt to the change in their lifestyle. Opportunities Food habits are changing Standard of living is improving Threats Cost – Organic foods are more expensive than other food items Established competitors: Pizza Hut and McDonalds are creating a threat for Organics Fashion of junk food – Young consumers believe in fashion of junk food by not realizing the side effects it causes later

Toy Evaluation

Toy Evaluation Aim: My aim for this toy evaluation is to find out as much information for each toy. Name: Baby Matt Age Range: 0 to 9 months Name: Baby Matt Age Range: 0 to 9 months Skills Learnt: * Colour recoinision * Palmer grasp * Pincer grasp * Rolloing over * Shapes/ animal reconigtion Skills Learnt: * Colour recoinision * Palmer grasp * Pincer grasp * Rolloing over * Shapes/ animal reconigtion With 3 detachable soft toys and a removable arch, perfect for entertaining your baby. The Blossom Farm 2 in 1 Baby Gym is a delightful cushioned play centre for your new baby.It's two in one – first, a baby gym with soft-toy mobile arch, and second, a large playmat. It's also great for using inside your baby's cot, so they can explore as they rest. The three detachable soft toys – Clover the cow, Cloppy the pony, and two bright fabric flowers – jingle, crinkle, squeak, rattle and include a baby-safe mirror, providing plenty of interest for your newborn. Quick facts: †¢Baby gym converts to playmat †¢3 detachable soft toys with textures and sounds †¢Removable arch †¢Great for lying, sitting, kicking and stretching †¢Baby-safe mirror Great for your child’s development:The Blossom Farm 2 in 1 Baby Gym is a lovely, cosy place for your baby to relax – lying, sitting, kicking and stretching. The different colours, textures and sounds of the 3 detachable toys will keep your baby entertained and encourage them to discover their hands and senses. As your baby grows, the mat is great for tummy time play and gives them the space to roll over and discover what's around them. With 3 detachable soft toys and a removable arch, perfect for entertaining your baby. The Blossom Farm 2 in 1 Baby Gym is a delightful cushioned play centre for your new baby.It's two in one – first, a baby gym with soft-toy mobile arch, and second, a large playmat. It's also great for using inside your baby's cot, so they can explore as the y rest. The three detachable soft toys – Clover the cow, Cloppy the pony, and two bright fabric flowers – jingle, crinkle, squeak, rattle and include a baby-safe mirror, providing plenty of interest for your newborn. Quick facts: †¢Baby gym converts to playmat †¢3 detachable soft toys with textures and sounds †¢Removable arch †¢Great for lying, sitting, kicking and stretching †¢Baby-safe mirror Great for your child’s development:The Blossom Farm 2 in 1 Baby Gym is a lovely, cosy place for your baby to relax – lying, sitting, kicking and stretching. The different colours, textures and sounds of the 3 detachable toys will keep your baby entertained and encourage them to discover their hands and senses. As your baby grows, the mat is great for tummy time play and gives them the space to roll over and discover what's around them. Risk assessment Risk assessment Conclusion I really Like this toy and I think that it will be perfect to u se in my first Visit seeing as I had the lowest Age group range. I think Alice will enjoy this activity a lot.Its quite a P. I. L. E. S rounded Toy that will show off her abilities to me so I can see how far she has developed. Conclusion I really Like this toy and I think that it will be perfect to use in my first Visit seeing as I had the lowest Age group range. I think Alice will enjoy this activity a lot. Its quite a P. I. L. E. S rounded Toy that will show off her abilities to me so I can see how far she has developed. Toy Evaluation Aim: My aim for this toy evaluation is to find out as much information for each toy. Name: V tech Soft Singing phone Age Range: 3 months to 5 years Name: V tech Soft Singing phoneAge Range: 3 months to 5 years Skills Learnt * Cooing and babbling * Using a telephone * Using their voice * Imagination * Simulates the ears Skills Learnt * Cooing and babbling * Using a telephone * Using their voice * Imagination * Simulates the ears Risk Assesment Risk A ssesment Soft pink fabric phone with non-breakable mirror, rolling beads, flashing lights, textured material and chunky buttons. Features animal sound effects and songs. Soft pink fabric phone with non-breakable mirror, rolling beads, flashing lights, textured material and chunky buttons. Features animal sound effects and songs.Conclusion I think That Alice Will really enjoy this toy because it makes a lot of noises and will be very interesting for her to play with. Also it’s not Hard all the way round so if she lets go of it she won’t hurt herself. This toy is mainly focusing on Alice’s intellectual and language development. Although it does focus on her fine motor skills also. Conclusion I think That Alice Will really enjoy this toy because it makes a lot of noises and will be very interesting for her to play with. Also it’s not Hard all the way round so if she lets go of it she won’t hurt herself.This toy is mainly focusing on Alice’s int ellectual and language development. Although it does focus on her fine motor skills also. Toy Evaluation Aim: My aim for this toy evaluation is to find out as much information for each toy. Name: V-tech Baby walker Age Range: from 6 months Name: V-tech Baby walker Age Range: from 6 months Skills learnt: * Physical Development * Intellectual development * Creativity * Instills confidence * Sound/ noise recognition * Noise and letter knowledge Skills learnt: * Physical Development * Intellectual development * Creativity * Instills confidence * Sound/ noise recognition Noise and letter knowledge Sturdy design to support and encourage your baby’s first steps. Features a detachable learning centre packed with activities. Shapes and light-up musical keys introduce letters, words, numbers, animals, colours, sing-along songs and melodies. Moving butterfly, discs and rollers develop manipulative skills plus a removable rattling phone is great for role-play. Textured wheels, easy grip handle and durable design ensure baby gets ample support for taking those first steps. Assembles very easily and can be stored away in small spaces. Quick facts: †¢Best selling baby walker. Detachable learning centre introduces letters, words, numbers, shapes, animals and colours. †¢Light-up music buttons and melodies stimulate senses. †¢Moving butterfly, puppy button, discs and roller develop manipulative skills. †¢Removable rattling phone is great for role-play. †¢Develops walking motor skills and hand-eye co-ordination. Great for your child's development. Sturdy design to support and encourage your baby’s first steps. Features a detachable learning centre packed with activities. Shapes and light-up musical keys introduce letters, words, numbers, animals, colours, sing-along songs and melodies.Moving butterfly, discs and rollers develop manipulative skills plus a removable rattling phone is great for role-play. Textured wheels, easy grip handle and durable design ensure baby gets ample support for taking those first steps. Assembles very easily and can be stored away in small spaces. Quick facts: †¢Best selling baby walker. †¢Detachable learning centre introduces letters, words, numbers, shapes, animals and colours. †¢Light-up music buttons and melodies stimulate senses. †¢Moving butterfly, puppy button, discs and roller develop manipulative skills. †¢Removable rattling phone is great for role-play. Develops walking motor skills and hand-eye co-ordination. Great for your child's development. Risk assessment: Risk assessment: Conclusion This toy will really show me her physical skills and help develop her walking. I think this toy will have to be the third or fourth toy that I do in my visits because of the higher age range. Conclusion This toy will really show me her physical skills and help develop her walking. I think this toy will have to be the third or fourth toy that I do in my visits because of the higher age range. Toy Evaluation Name : Wooden Toddle Truck Age Range: wooden blocks 3 months+Push along cart: 9 months+ Name : Wooden Toddle Truck Age Range: wooden blocks 3 months+ Push along cart: 9 months+ Aim: My aim for this toy evaluation is to find out as much information for each toy. Skills learnt: The Wooden Toddle Truck helps your young child feel confident about standing up and trying to walk. Your child can hold on to the handle, and feel safe about standing up and walking along. This classic wooden walker also comes with blocks that your child can play and build with. Building with blocks gives your child hands-on experience of shapes and also helps them develop good fine motor skills.The Wooden Toddle Truck is a great toy for helping your baby become a toddler, and for helping your toddler become a really confident walker. Skills learnt: The Wooden Toddle Truck helps your young child feel confident about standing up and trying to walk. Your child can hold on to t he handle, and feel safe about standing up and walking along. This classic wooden walker also comes with blocks that your child can play and build with. Building with blocks gives your child hands-on experience of shapes and also helps them develop good fine motor skills.The Wooden Toddle Truck is a great toy for helping your baby become a toddler, and for helping your toddler become a really confident walker. The Wooden Toddle Truck is a classic walker with secure non-slip wheels. It comes with 24 bricks, and helps your child take their first steps. The Wooden Toddle Truck is a classic wooden walker that your young child can enjoy pulling up on. The Wooden Toddle Truck has a sturdy handle so your child can enjoy a secure grip. When your child is ready to take their first steps, they can push the sturdy Wooden Toddle Truck along for support.It has non-slip wheels and the truck comes with 24 blocks, which add stability to the walker. Your toddler can also enjoy transporting, building and playing with the blocks. The Wooden Toddle Truck is a timeless toy which helps your young child to pull up and start to walk in confidence. As they grow, your child can enjoy pushing the truck around wherever they like, and they can use it to move their favourite toys around too. Quick facts: †¢Wooden Toddle Truck: a classic wooden walker †¢Great for building walking confidence †¢24 shaped and coloured blocks Fun for toddlers to push around The Wooden Toddle Truck is a classic walker with secure non-slip wheels. It comes with 24 bricks, and helps your child take their first steps. The Wooden Toddle Truck is a classic wooden walker that your young child can enjoy pulling up on. The Wooden Toddle Truck has a sturdy handle so your child can enjoy a secure grip. When your child is ready to take their first steps, they can push the sturdy Wooden Toddle Truck along for support. It has non-slip wheels and the truck comes with 24 blocks, which add stability to the walker .Your toddler can also enjoy transporting, building and playing with the blocks. The Wooden Toddle Truck is a timeless toy which helps your young child to pull up and start to walk in confidence. As they grow, your child can enjoy pushing the truck around wherever they like, and they can use it to move their favourite toys around too. Quick facts: †¢Wooden Toddle Truck: a classic wooden walker †¢Great for building walking confidence †¢24 shaped and coloured blocks †¢Fun for toddlers to push around Conclusion: I think this toy would be really good as my final visit.It will show me her Physical development both gross motor skills (walking) and fine motor skills (pointing at blocks) it will also show me here creativity by stacking them up. It will also show me some of her social skills like playing co-operatively and sharing. Conclusion: I think this toy would be really good as my final visit. It will show me her Physical development both gross motor skills (walking ) and fine motor skills (pointing at blocks) it will also show me here creativity by stacking them up. It will also show me some of her social skills like playing co-operatively and sharing. Toy Evaluation 1. I did my research on toys at Target. What I discovered was that mostly all gender-neutral toys have to do with educational toys and toys for children whose mindset does not see that’s a girl or boy toy. All the gender-neutral toys were colorful, but mostly used green, blue, yellow, and red colors, thus making targeting boys and girls. What I found in the masculine toy section was that mostly all the toys were blue, black, or dark colors. Lots of toys promoted violence like the Nerf guns and Power Ranger toys with their swords and killing the bad guys.They also promoted sports balls and cars only in the boy section when girls can play with these as well. What I found interesting is that they had Jake and the Neverland Pirates toys and in that show they have a girl pirate, but her toy was nowhere to be found. They had dress up things for boys, but they only involved mostly hand accessories, like The Hulk hands and Wreck it Ralph hands, which are used to hit people. Lego toys were mostly all cars, airplanes, and superheroes they did not involve any kind of home making.Another thing the boy section had was a â€Å"boy dollhouse†, which was a joker jail for batman to lock up the joker. I like how they make is seems as if it is not a dollhouse. Now the feminine toy section was so bright and pink, no other colors were really used, but pink. Mostly all the toys in this section promoted home making due to the fact that all the baby dolls had accessories such as strollers, swing, carriers, high chair, play pen, bottles, play food. The play food was even in a pink box. Dress up clothes involved full outfits only dresses, crowns, jewelry, high heels, and hairpieces.The Lego toys all involved pink colors and houses with moms, babies, and dad’s hardly any other variation of play. I also found the Bratz dolls to be very interesting and very grown up for little girls. The Bratz dolls were wearing very sexy clothing like very short skirts, shirts, high h eels, and make-up. They are very sexy and glamorous almost trying to have girls grow up fast. I feel as if these dolls should be in a more grown up section for girls. 2. The toys that promoted violence were only in the masculine/boy section at Target.I would say about 90% of the toys that promoted violence had to do with a movie or T. V. show. The movies would be The Hulk, Spiderman, Wreck it Ralph, Iron Man, and Batman. The shows that promoted violence were Power Rangers, Ninjago, and Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles. The other 10% would be Nerf guns or just guns in general that boys can play with to shoot each other. I find this very disturbing given the fact that there have been so many shootings in school and it has been found that boys tend to shoot up schools more than a girl would, thus you would think they would try to pull them from the toy section.Also, I know a lot of this has to do with money and that is why they do not pull it from the shelves because boys want to be superh eroes and do everything they see on TV. I also do not understand why they do not promote these kinds of toys to girls because girls enjoy these things as well. 3. The feminine toys that promote pro-social behavior would be the baby dolls and the accessories that come with the toy. These dolls promote girls to act as mothers and take care of the baby doll as a mother would take care of their children.This shows girls how to be caretakers. The dress up clothes also promotes pro-social behavior by showing them that girls need to be dressed pretty and look and act like princess, thus girls are prompted to always look there best. In the masculine toy section the sports balls promote pro social behavior by telling boys that they have to know how to play sports and be active. The guns promote violence, showing boys that they have to be tough and protect themselves. I feel as if pro social behavior is used toward feminine toys more than boy toys. 4.At target what I encountered was that all the gender-neutral toys were mixed in with the infant and toddler toys. The gender-neutral section was followed by the very bright and pink feminine toy section, which is filled with rows of dolls, princesses, girly animals, dress up clothes, and kitchen supplies. After the feminine toy section the masculine toy section followed which were displayed in three rows of blue and dark colors filled with action figures. After the boy toy section was done it lead right to the Lego’s, Bikes, and sports section.I find this interesting because the sections that follow the boy section are still considered masculine products. 5. I feel as if the toy sections do not promote a variety of cultures and ethnicities. The girl section promotes Hispanic and African Americans because they have Dora dolls, and African American dolls. The boy section is mostly action figures and I do not think that boys relate action figures to their culture or ethnicity at a young age. These toy sections promote g ender more than cultures and ethnicities.The toy sections do promote stereotypes because mostly all the girl section is pink and home making things, indicating that girls should like the color pink and should learn at a young age how to be a homemaker/mother. The stereotype for boys is very bad because they promote violence with the action figures and guns. They do not promote any type of responsibility for boys like they do for girls with the home making toy items. Since, the toy sections are gender identified, they should promote responsibilities for boys such as cutting the grass, building things, working on cars.These are all stereotypes, but at least they can learn responsibility and it is like the home making things that are promoted to the girls. 6. Mostly all the toys I observed were for ages 5-7 years of age. I do not agree with this age limit when it comes to the Nerf guns and swords. I feel that children should not be able to play with guns at such a young age when there brain has not fully developed because they do not fully understand what a gun can do and how they can harm themselves and others.I think guns should come with warning labels and parents should teach their kids about them when they can fully understand what they can do. Another toy I did not agree with was the Bratz doll. They were for ages 5-7 and I feel they put that age because at 5 years of age you know not to put things in your mouth rather than putting an age on it for girls that are developed enough to know that the dolls are make believe and you should not want to be or dress like them. These dolls are very sexy, wear lots of make-up, and seem like they are rebellious.I feel these dolls are for older girls because their brains are more developed and they would know what is right for them and not want to be a follower, thus these dolls should either be changed or given a warning label for parents because they are very sexy to me. 7. What I learned about children’s toys in doing this assignment is that the ages on some of these toys should be changed due to brain development not if a child can choke or play correctly with the toy. As a mother I would not let my daughter buy certain toys and I will not allow my son to play with guns.I tend to buy gender-neutral toys so that way once my son is born he can play with his sister. Another thing I learned is that there is not much at Target involving gender-neutral toys, maybe I should start a gender-neutral toy line and see how that goes. All in all I feel toy lines are in it for the money they want to get children’s attention and take into consideration what a parent will buy their child, so in order to change this people in a society need to change in order for toy line makers to change as well.